A Coevolutionary Model of a Single-Celled Organism with Double-Stranded Genome and Time-Varying Phenotype

A novel model of a single cell is outlined. Each cell is constructed from a double-stranded genome and ensemble of chemical concentrations and is modelled as a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary diierential equations. Cells are coevolved from genome (Darwinian evolution) and initial chemicals (Lamarckian evolution) to adapt to a simple environment. The Lamarckian evolution permits a cell line to break the problem posed by the environment into subproblems that may be solved by individual cells. Coevolution helps the genetic algorithm nd cells when a good set of initial chemicals is not known.